Second-stage labour

Definition

Second-stage labor refers to the phase of childbirth where the mother starts actively pushing until the baby is fully delivered. This stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends when the baby is born. It can last from 20 minutes to 2 hours, with variations depending on whether it’s the mother’s first delivery or not.

Key Takeaways

1. Second-stage labour, often known as the ‘pushing stage’, is the period in childbirth where a mother begins to push after the cervix is fully dilated. It ends when the baby is fully delivered.
2. This stage can last anywhere between twenty minutes to a few hours, dependent on factors such as whether the woman has given birth before, the baby’s position, and the woman’s physical condition and stamina.
3. During the second-stage labour, consistent monitoring of the mother and the baby is done to ensure safety. If complications arise or if the labour isn’t progressing, healthcare providers may assist with forceps, a vacuum or even perform a cesarean section.

Importance

The term second-stage labour refers to an essential phase in the childbirth process, where the mother’s cervix is fully dilated and ends when the baby is fully delivered.

This stage is important because it involves a significant amount of physical and emotional effort from the mother, including intense contractions and active pushing to move the baby through the birth canal.

Successful navigation through this phase can lead to the safe delivery of the baby.

Additionally, understanding this term enables the mother to be better prepared and knowledgeable about the birth process, potentially reducing anxiety and complications.

Proper management of pain relief, bearing techniques, and timely medial interventions, if needed, during this stage can contribute positively towards the mother’s childbirth experience and the health of the newborn.

Explanation

Second-stage labour, a critical phase of the childbirth process, serves a crucial role in guiding the baby through the birth canal and out into the world. This stage commences when the cervix is completely dilated and ends with the birth of the baby. Its primary purpose is to navigate the baby safely from the uterus, through the cervix and vagina, and finally out of the mother’s body.

It can be noted as one of the most physically demanding stages of labour for the mother, as it is during this time that she will begin to feel the urge to push or bear down. Despite the associated discomfort and effort, the second stage of labour serves the important purpose of facilitating the baby’s transition into the world. It is this stage that positions the baby correctly for birth, assisting the baby on its journey through the birth canal.

The mother’s focused pushing efforts and the powerful contractions of her uterus work in tandem to move the baby downwards. Consequently, the second-stage labour enables the critical alignment of the baby’s head, facilitating smooth passage through the pelvic bones and the soft tissues of the pelvic floor. Thus, the second-stage labour’s significant role is to pave the pathway for the final act of childbirth, culminating in the dynamic, transformational moment when a mother meets her newborn for the very first time.

Examples of Second-stage labour

Water Birth: In many instances, a pregnant woman may opt for a water birth during the second stage of labour, as it can provide pain relief and help her to relax. This is when she submerges in a birthing pool filled with warm water. It allows for less painful contractions and mobility for the woman to adopt more natural positions to assist the baby’s descent.

Use of Birthing Stool: Another practical example could be the use of a birthing stool during second-stage labor. This type of stool, usually semi-circular or horseshoe-shaped, enables a woman to sit, squat or lean in different positions while pushing, helping to utilize gravity and encourage the baby’s descent.

Epidural Administration: In some cases, pregnant women might opt for an epidural during the second stage of labor to manage the intense pain of contractions. The pain relief provided by an epidural allows the mother to rest, preserve her energy, and actually participate more actively in her delivery. However, the use of an epidural during this phase is a subject of ongoing scientific discussion.

FAQs on Second-stage Labour

What is second-stage labour?

The second stage of labour is the pushing stage, which follows the first stage of labor where the cervix becomes fully dilated. This stage continues until the baby is born.

How long does second-stage labour last?

The length of this stage varies widely from woman to woman. For first-time mothers, it may last several hours, while for women who’ve already had children, it may only last an hour or so.

What are the signs of second-stage labour?

Some signs of second-stage labour include feeling a strong urge to push, experiencing a burning or stinging sensation as your baby’s head crowns, and your midwife or doctor may tell you the baby’s head can be seen during contractions.

What actually happens during second-stage labour?

During the second stage of labour, you’ll be pushing your baby down the birth canal and out into the world. Your doctor or midwife will guide you through the process, telling you when to push and when to rest.

How can I prepare for second-stage labour?

Attending prenatal classes can help prepare you for what to expect during the second stage of labour. Staying in good physical shape can also help prepare your body for the rigors of labour and delivery.

Related Motherhood Terms

• Contractions
• Cervical Dilation
• Birth Canal
• Pain Management/Birth Pain
• Baby’s Descent

Sources for More Information

• Healthline: They have a broad range of information about all stages of labor, including second-stage labor.
• Mayo Clinic: This is a trusted source in healthcare where you can find in-depth information about second-stage labor.
• WebMD: This website provides comprehensive health information, including topics on motherhood and second-stage labor.
• World Health Organization (WHO): As an international authority on health, it offers scientifically accurate and globally relevant information.