Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) - Definition & Explanation for Mothers

Table of Contents

Definition

Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD) is a condition that happens during pregnancy, causing mild to extreme discomfort or pain in the pelvic area. It is due to the relaxation of ligaments in the pelvic region, which allows for slight movement of the pubic symphysis, a normal part of childbirth preparation. However, this can lead to misalignment or reduced stability, resulting in SPD.

Key Takeaways

Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD) is a condition that causes excessive movement of the pubic symphysis, thus leading to severe pain in the pelvic area. It is most commonly associated with pregnancy and childbirth due to the relaxation of ligaments.
The condition can make it challenging to carry out certain movements such as walking or turning over in bed. Physical therapy, pain management, and special exercises are generally recommended for treating and managing the symptoms of SPD.
While SPD can significantly affect the quality of life, it does not usually have long-term implications for health. Most women recover spontaneously after childbirth, though some may continue to experience intermittent symptoms.

Importance

Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD) is a term of significant importance in motherhood because it represents a condition that causes excessive movement of the pubic symphysis, effectively the grinding or misalignment of the pelvic joint, during pregnancy.

This can result in intense discomfort or pain in the pelvic region, potentially affecting a pregnant woman’s ability to carry out daily activities.

It’s crucial for healthcare providers to recognize and understand SPD in order to give the necessary medical advice and provide appropriate treatment options.

Furthermore, the knowledge of SPD is essential in creating a supportive and understanding environment for pregnant women experiencing this condition, as it can cause varying degrees of physical impact and emotional distress.

Explanation

Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD) is a term often used in relation to pregnancy and motherhood, indicating a condition that affects the pelvic joints, causing severe pain and discomfort. Though it’s not exactly about a ‘purpose’, what it refers to is a very specific physical discomfort that some women may encounter at various stages of pregnancy. This condition emerges due to the natural body changes a woman goes through during pregnancy as the body prepares for childbirth.

A hormone called relaxin is released which loosens the ligaments in the pelvic area to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. However, this loosening can sometimes misalign the pelvic joints causing SPD. Although SPD is primarily a discomforting symptom, understanding it can facilitate necessary medical intervention, physical diappliance, or lifestyle changes that assist the woman during her pregnancy.

Often, it is manageable by physiotherapy, use of pelvic support belts, or by performing specific exercises. It also focuses the healthcare provider’s attention on tailoring the birth plan to ensure the mother’s comfort, as certain positions or procedures may exacerbate SPD symptoms. While generally it doesn’t pose a risk to the baby, the purpose of identifying SPD is to prevent excessive discomfort for the expectant mother thereby enhancing her pregnancy experience.

Examples of Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD)

Example 1: A pregnant woman, Sarah, is halfway through her pregnancy when she starts feeling a sharp pain in her lower back and hips that increases while walking. Upon examination, the doctor diagnoses her with Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD). To manage her SPD, Sarah is advised to wear a pelvic support belt, perform gentle exercises under supervision of the physiotherapist, take warm baths and avoid lifting heavy things.

Example 2: Anna just gave birth to her first child. After delivery, she was experiencing a lot of discomfort such as stiffness and pain in her pelvic area, and difficulty in moving around. Her doctor evaluated her condition and concluded she developed Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD) during pregnancy. As a part of her treatment, Anna was advised to take over-the-counter pain relievers, engage in controlled physiotherapy sessions, and take adequate rest.

Example 3: Jessica is in her third trimester and has been feeling severe pelvic pain that radiates to her thighs. She finds it difficult to climb stairs, get up from a seated position, or even turn around on bed. She is diagnosed with Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD), causing her these mobility issues. She was advised to avoid certain postures and movements that worsen her pain, use pregnancy support pillows while sleeping, and to undergo physiotherapy to manage the condition.

FAQ about Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD)

What is Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD)?

SPD, also known as Pelvic Girdle Pain (PGP), is a condition that causes excessive movement of the pubic symphysis. It is a common condition that occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and can lead to pain in the pelvic and pubic area.

What are the symptoms of Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

Common symptoms of SPD include pain in the pubic region, lower back, hips, inner thighs, and knees. This pain can worsen when walking, climbing stairs, or moving the legs apart.

What causes Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction?

SPD is often caused by the laxity in the connective tissues during pregnancy. An imbalance in muscle strength in the pelvic area could also cause SPD.

How is Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction treated?

SPD is usually treated with physical therapy, exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor, and pain relief medications. In severe cases, a pelvic support belt may be recommended, and rarely, surgery may be required after childbirth.

Can Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction affect my pregnancy?

Although SPD can be quite uncomfortable and painful, it does not pose any direct threat to the baby. However, it can impact the quality of life during pregnancy and should be managed with the help of healthcare professionals.

Can Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction be prevented?

While it may not be possible to prevent SPD entirely, regular exercise before becoming pregnant and during early pregnancy can help strengthen the pelvic area and may potentially minimize the risk or severity of SPD.